requestId:68499ac6612497.55487314.
The characteristics of Zhu Zi’s “Family Gift”
——A view based on social education
Author: Zhou Yuanqi (Philosophy Institute of Fujian Academy of Social Sciences)
Source: “History of Chinese Philosophy” 2019 Issue 1
Time: Confucius was in the 2570 year of Ji Hai, July 13th, Renwu, Renwu, Renwu, July 13th, Ji Hai
� The “Trade” of “use” highlights the wedding ceremony of “revealing the beginning of human nature”, and then it has broadened the “Trade” as the “Trade of Heaven and the Essay” into the daily practice of daily use, and finally realized the goal of becoming a common custom; Second, the “Family Gift” adheres to the basic concept of “the gift is the one who walks the gift” and prepares simple and easy-to-do family (family) gifts , so that it can be popularized to the bottom of the society and become a common gift for ordinary people that has influenced to this day; thirdly, “Family Gift” creatively reformed the original concept of “ancestral hall” by using the concept of Song Confucianism on family affairs and patriarchal system. By setting the focus position of the eldest son in “family Gift”, he then developed the influence of patriarchal system in maintaining the family order. According to historical evidence, the ancestral hall and its patriarchal system have effectively exerted the serious influence of respecting the clan and gathering the family’s energy in the later generations.
Keywords:Family gifts, social education, common gifts, ancestral halls, patriarchal law
Japongji, a scholar of japan (Japanese) said: “The question of “Family Gift” is a major event in the history of Chinese thinking in the late age, and its influence is not inferior to his “Four Books Collection”.” [1] If we only look at it from the perspective of becoming a common person, the impact of “Four Books” on popular people even exceeds the “Four Books and Five Books”. This is because the “Four Books and Five Books” are important for readers who are waiting to enter the officialdom, while “Family Gift” is a daily behavior of the people, with broad and detailed views and content, from daily dealings to marriage and commemoration of ancestors, everything is included. In the “Preface to Family Gift”, Zhu Zi clearly expressed his waiting for the social consequences of “Family Gift” – “The reason why the country advocates the meaning of “comprehension and approachable” may be a little bit of affinity.” Historical evidence shows that “Family Gift” has indeed served as a influence of “respecting the culprit and guiding the common people”, and not only China, but also the surrounding Korean Peninsula, Vietnam, Japan (Japan), etc. have been deeply affected. In fact, the international social functions definitely surpass the level of “small supplement”. In fact, shortly after Zhu Xi’s death, “Family Gift” attracted the attention of Zhu Xi’s descendants. They either published, edited, or annotated “Family Gift”, or compared it to “Family Gift”, and compiled a family gift. Under the promotion of scholars, “Family Gift” gradually entered the national gift system.[2] When the imperial decree compiled the “Big Ming Collection” in the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, the “Wen Gongsong Gift” was regarded as a standard gift system for scholars and common people. “Family Gift” naturally became a common daily gift standard for ordinary people. Even after Wu Jidi, a minister of the Four Library of the Qing Dynasty, designated “Family Gift” as Zhu Zisheng, [3], it did not seem to affect the application of the common society to “Family Gift”. According to the “Editor of the Chinese Institute of Civilizations and Customs” in the late Qing Dynasty, the civil society still generally abides by the “Civilian Gift” [4]. This reflects from the side that the influence of “Family Gift” on civilized customs was not only realized by the implementation of the strong national control, nor was it weakened by the author’s doubts. In other words, the profound impact of “Family Gift” on Chinese social society is closely related to the characteristics of its text content.
Zhu Zi proposed in “Preface to the Family Gifts” that “dramatic changes from ancient times to the present” was a general approach for giftists at that time, but Zhu Zi also believed that there were two problems in the widespread gift writings: one was to go to the end of the work and to make the most basic texts, that is, to ignore the most basic of the gift and pay attention to the situation of the festival; the other was to be too complex and not be able to take the lead, which led to the inability of the people to implement it. Therefore, the “Family Gift” compiled by Zhu Xi must at most have the following characteristics: starting with the combination of the foundation of the gift and the text of the gift, which not only stipulates daily gifts, but also stipulates special gifts such as wedding ceremony; secondly, the practicality of the gift is to make it clear and simple and easy to implement. In addition, “Family Gift” also has an innovation that not only highlights the essence of “faith and respect” of the gift, but also truly realizes the effectiveness of “Family Gift” in maintaining the family order, that is, establishing a ancestral hall and respecting the patriarchal law. These three characteristics of “Family Gift” determine that it has irreplaceable value in social education and civilized customs.
1. Gifts have their own texts
The Preface to Family Gifts says: “Any gifts have their own texts. From what they give to their families, the one who keeps the name and respects the truth, the one who is 彩票网ppt利票网; the text is not only the basics of the family’s daily life, but it cannot be cultivated for a day; the text is also the reason for revelation of the beginning and end of human nature. Although it is practiced at a time and given in a certain time, it is not a simple and clear way to speak, but a simple and mature one. Even the situation is not appropriate, and it is not enough to be able to do it for a day without saying and talking. “When you look at the content of “Family Gift”, “Sima Family Funeral” stipulates the daily behavior of members of different families, and strives to follow their own status and implement the reality of respect that suits their own components. This is the foundation of gifts; the gift of wedding ceremony is a gift that is worn through the main moments of life, and is a gift of gifts. Because the Family Gift follows the principle of “the gift has its own essence and literature”, the Family Gift can ultimately become a daily gift standard of “not being able to practice for one day” and “not being able to talk and practice for one day”.
Put “Keeping the Fame” as the foundation of the gift, is a confucian explanation. Under the age of prosperity and failure, Confucius believed that ruling the title of monarch and minister is an important task in politics. Zilu asked: “If you treat your son and dominate the government, why should you be the first?” Zi said: “Is it necessary to correct your name?” Zhu Zi said: “At that time, the name was born without his father and his father, and his ancestors was actually incorrect, so Confucius took the correct name as the first.” (“Collected Notes on the Book of Songs·Zi Lu”) Later, Zi explained in a step further: “If the name is not correct, the words are not smooth; if the words are not smooth; if the words are not smooth, the words are not smooth. , if things fail, the gift will not be successful; if things fail, the gift will not be happy; if the gift is not happy, the punishment will not be defeated; if the punishment is not defeated, the common people will be caught off guard.” (“Speech·Zi Lu”) In Confucius’ view, if the upper-level rulers do not keep their status, they will lead to the fact that the tribute criminal law cannot be implemented, and the political management idea of educating the people will not be discussed. The Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty still valued the relationship between title and gifts. Sima Guang said: “The emperor’s duties are no more than gifts, and gifts are no more than reputations. What is the gift? No more than this. What is the division? The king and the minister. What is the name? The prince, the marquis, the minister, and the great servant.” (《BaozhuangSuperiorityVolume 1) As the “division” of the country’s honor is dominated by the monarch and subject, and the “emperor” of the king and the king is the focus point. Then the “division” of the family honor is mainly father and son, and the focus position of the eldest son is highlighted in the family. Under this condition, all family members ha